نیازهای نوجوانان در رابطه‌ی والد - فرزندی، یک مطالعه‌ی کیفی

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری روانشناسی دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی ،دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 استاد دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی ،دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی ، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

4 دانشیار دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی ، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

نوجوانی یکی از دوره‌های مهم زندگی است. پژوهش حاضر به بررسی نیازهای نوجوانان 11-14 ساله ایرانی در رابطه با والدین‌شان می‌پردازد. این پژوهش از نوع کیفی و با رویکرد پدیدارشناسی تفسیری بود. جمع‌آوری داده‌ها با استفاده از مصاحبه­های باز نیمه ساختار یافته با نوجوانان 11 تا 14سال دبیرستان­های شهر تهران در طول زمستان1397 صورت گرفت. برای تعیین حجم نمونه از روش رسیدن به اشباع استفاده شد.  24 نوجوان با روش نمونه­گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند و تا رسیدن به اشباع مصاحبه با آنها ادامه یافت. سپس مکالمات ضبط و دست­نویس شده با استفاده از تحلیل مضمون مورد تجزیه و تحلیل محتوایی قرار گرفته است.حاصل این تحلیل 6 مضمون اصلی شامل نیاز به محیط دلگرم کننده و مشوق، دادن آزادی های با نظارت برای کسب هویت، نیاز به پذیرفته شدن بی قید و شرط، پرداختن به عواطف و هیجانات و رابطه امن و دردسترس با والدین بوده است که هر یک بین 4 تا 6 مضمون فرعی را نیز در بر ­گرفتند. مصاحبه با نوجوانان، به 6 نیاز اساسی آنان در رابطه با والدین‌شان رسید. یافته­های این مطالعه نشان داد که از منظر نوجوانان، داشتن رابطه خانوادگی همراه با امنیت، صمیمیت، شادی، پذیرش وآزادی از مهمترین نیاز­هایی است که در این دوره زندگی دارند و به رسمیت شناختن این نیاز­ها از سمت والدین می­تواند به نوجوانان کمک کند تا عبور سالمی همراه با رضایت و سلامت روان از این دوره زندگی داشته باشند. همچنین به روانشناسان و مشاوران و سایر افراد و سازمان­هایی  که با نوجوانان و مسائل آنها در ارتباط هستند  برای طراحی پروتکل­های مداخلاتی جهت بهبود رابطه والد و نوجوان کمک می­کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The needs of adolescents in parent-child relationship, a qualitative study

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamideh Mohammadi Nasab 1
  • Mohamad Ali MazaheriTehrani 2
  • Morteza Rezaezadeh 3
  • Mahmood Heydari 4
1 PhD student in Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Adolescence is one of the critical stages of life. The present study aims to investigate the needs of adolescents aged 11-14 years in their relationship with their parents. This research was qualitative and with a hermeneutic phenomenology approach. The data collection was performed by interviewing adolescents 11 – 14 aged was carried out until reaching saturation. 24 adolescents were selected by purposive sampling method and interviews were continued until saturation was reached. After that, the recordings of interviews were transcribed and analyzed by thematic analysis method. The analyses revealed 6 themes including warm and encouraging atmosphere, freedoms accompanied by supervision, unconditional acceptance, receiving attention to one’s emotions, and secure and accessible relationship with parents. Each theme consisted of 4 to 6 subthemes. The findings of this study showed that from the perspective of adolescents, having a family relationship with security, intimacy, happiness, acceptance, and freedom is one of the most important needs in this period of life, and recognition of these needs by parents can help adolescents to have a healthy transition through this stage of life with satisfaction and mental health. It also helps psychologists and counselors and other individuals and organizations involved with adolescents and their problems to design intervention protocols to improve the parent-adolescent relationship

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • qualitative research. adolescence. parent
  • adolescent relationship. adolescents needs. content analysis

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مطالعات روانشناسی تربیتی
دوره 18، شماره 42
شهریور 1400
صفحه 80-63

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