The relationship between dysfunctional attitudes and Social Anxiety Disorder in adolescents (students): the mediating role of Emotion Regulation

Document Type : Scientific Articles

Authors

1 Department of Clinical and Health Faculty of psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

2 MSc Clinical Psychology of Children and Adolescents, Shahid Beheshti University, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Tehran, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor of Educational Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Department of Educational and Development Psychology,. Tehran, Iran

Abstract

the aim of this study was to test the mediating role of emotion-regulation in the relationship between dysfunctional attitudes and social-anxiety disorder' symptoms.The sample of the research was including 241 high school girl's students in Tehran which were in the second multi-stage and was selected by random cluster sampling .The participants answered the questions of Social-Anxiety Scale for Adolescents(SASA),Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale for Child and Adolescents(DAS-CA)and Emotion-Regulation Questionnaire(DERS).In this study, inorder to test the mediating role at emotion-regulation in the relationship between dysfunctional attitudes and social-anxiety disorder' symptoms, structure equation model have been used. The results of the study showed that dysfunctional attitudes is having a positive and significant relationship between emotion-regulation and social-anxiety disorder. Also, this model showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between emotion-regulation and social-anxiety disorder.In this model, the relationship between emotion-regulation and social-anxiety was positive and significant.In addition, results showed that the partially mediated model of emotion-regulation on the relationship between dysfunctional attitudes and social-anxiety, had acceptable fit to data.In sum, on the one hand, the results provide further support for prediction of social-anxiety disorder's symptoms by dysfunctional attitudes and on the other hand, these findings show that the differentiation in numerical values related to emotion-regulation's variable is playing a role in anticipation he shared variance between conceptual cicles of dysfunctional attitudes and social-anxiety in adolescents.

Keywords

References

1-     American Psychiatric Association. (2013). diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. 5th ed. USA: American Psychiatric Pub.
2-     Aldao, A., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2010). Specificity of cognitive emotion regulation strategies: A transdiagnostic examination. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48, 974-983.
3-     Alkozei, A., Cooper, P.J & Creswell, C. (2014). Emotional reasoning and anxiety sensitivity: associations with social anxiety disorder in childhood. J Affect Disord; 152-154: 219-28.
4-     Beck, A.T., Rush, A.J., Shaw, B.F & Emery, G.(1979). Depressogenic assumptions. (Eds.) Beck AT, Rush AJ, Shaw BF, Emery G, Cognitive therapy of depression. New York: Guilford Press 244- 71.
5-     Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression: Clinical, experimental, and theoretical aspects. New York: Harper and Row.
6-     Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. New York: Guilford Press.
7-     Brackett, M. A., & Salovey, P. (2004).Measuring emotional intelligence as a mental ability with the Mayer–Salovey–Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test. In G. Geher (Ed.), Measurement of emotional intelligence (pp. 179−194). Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers.
8-     Brown, G.P., Hammen, C.L., Craske, M.G & Wickense, T.D. (1995), Dimensions of Dysfunctional Attitudes as Vulnerabilities in Depressive Symptoms, Journal of Abnormal Psychology; Vol. 104, No .3, 431-435.
9-     Ciarrochi, J.V., Dean, F. P., & Anderson, S. (2002). Emotional intelligence moderates the relationship between stress and mental health. Journal of Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 192-209.
10- Cicchetti, D., Ackerman, B. P. & Izard, C. E. (1995). "Emotions and emotion regulation in developmental psychopathology". Development and Psychopathology, 7(3), 1-10.
11- Davis, T.E., Munson. M & Tarzca, E. (2009). Anxiety disorders and phobias. Matson(Ed), social behavior and social skills in children. NewYork, springer; 219-44.
12- De Young, AC., Kenardy, J.A & Cobham, V.E. (2011). Truma in early childhood: a neglected population. Clinc Child Fam Psychology Rev; 14(3):231-50.
13- Dillon. D.G, Ritchey. M, Johnson. B.D, La-Bar. K.S. (2007).Dissociable effects of conscious emotion regulation strategies on explicit and implicit memory. Emotion; 7(2):345-62.
14- D’Alessandro, D. U., & Burton, K. D. (2006). Development and validation of the dysfunctional attitudes scale for children: Tests of Beck’s cognitive diathesis-stress theory of depression, of its causal mediation component, and of developmental effects. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 30, 335–353.
15- Ehring T, Quack D. (2010). Emotion regulation difficulties in trauma survivors: the role of trauma type and PTSD symptom severity. Behav Ther; 41(4):587-98.
16- Elgar, J., Arlett, C., & Groves, R. (2003). Stress, coping and behavioral problems among rural and urban adolescents. Journal of Adolescents, 26, 574-585.
17- Ellis, A. (1991). Rational- emotive treatment of simple phobias. Psychoterapy, 28, 452- 456.
18- Evans, T., Van Lerberghe, W, et al. (2008). The world health report 2008: Primary health care – now more than ever. Geneva. Switzerland: World Health Organization
19- GarciaLopez,L.J.,Olivares,J.,Beidel,D.,Albano,A.M.,Turner,S.,Rosa,A.L. (2005). Efficacy Of Three Treatment Protocols For Adolescents with Social Phobia: A 5-Year Follow-up Assessment.Journal Of Anxiety Disorders.
20- Garnefski, N., & Kraaij, V. (2007). The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire psychometric features and prospective relationships with depression and anxiety in adults. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 23(3), 141-149.
21- Garnefski, N., Van Den Kommer, T., Kraaij, V., Teerds, J., Legerstee, J., & Onstein, E. (2002). The relationshipbetween cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotional problems, Comparison between a clinical and non clinical sample. European Journal of Personality, 16, 403–420.
22- Goldsmith, A.A., Tran, G.Q., Smith, J.P. and Howe, S.R. (2009) Alcohol expectancies and drinking motives in college drinkers: Mediating effects on the relationship between generalized anxiety and heavy drinking in negative-affect situations. Addictive Behaviors, 34, 503-513. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.01.003.
23- Gratz, K.L., Gunderson, J.G.(2006). Preliminary Data on an AcceptanceBased Emotion Regulation Group Intervention for Deliberate SelfHarm among Women with Borderline Personality Disorder. Behavior Therapy. 37: 25-35.
24- Gratz, K.L & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. J Psychopathol Behav, 26: 41-54.
25- Haller, S.P.W., Kadosha, K. C., Scerif A, G., Laua, J.Y.F.(2015). Social anxiety disorder in adolescence: How developmental cognitive neuroscience findings may shape understanding and Intervention forpsychopathology. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 13,11-20.
26- Inderbitzen, H. M., and wailers, K. S. (2000). Social Anxiety scale for Adolescents: Normative Data and further Evidence of construet vaildity. Journal of clinical child psychology, 29, 360 – 381.
27- John, O. P., & Gross, J. J. (2004). Healthy and Unhealthy Emotion Regulation: Personality Processes, Individual Differences, and Life Span Development. Journal of Personality, 72, 1301-1334. 
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2004.00298.x
28- Johnson. S.L, Carver. C.S, Fulford. D. In Kring A, Sloan .D, eds.(2009). Emotion regulation and psychopathology: A transdiagnostic approach to etiology and treatment. Goal dysregulation in the affective disorders. The Guilford Press. New York; 204-228.
29- Lampe, L.A. (2009). “Social anxiety disorder: recent developments in psychological approaches to conceptualization and treatment". Australian and New Zealand: Journal of psychiatry, 43, 887-898.
30- Linehan, M. M., McDavid, J. D., Brown, M. Z., Sayrs, J. H. R., & Gallop, R. J. (2008). Olanzapin Plus Dialectical Behavior Therapy for women with hight irritability who meet eriteria for borderline personality disorder: A double- blind placebo- controlled Pliot study. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 69, 999-1005.
31- Melnyk, B.M., Small, L., Morriso-beedy, D., Strasser A., Kreipe, R., & et al. (2006). Mental health correlates of healthy lifestyle attitudes, beliefs choices, and behaviors in overweight adolescents. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 20, 401-406.
32- Mennin, D. S., Holoway, R. M., Fresco, D. M., Moore, M. T., & Heimberg, R. G. (2007). Delineating components of emotion and its dysregulation in anxiety and mood psychopathology. Behavior Therapy, 38, 284−302.
33- Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Stice, E., Wade, E., & Bohon, C. (2007). Reciprocal relations between rumination and bulimic, substance abuse, and depressive symptoms in female adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 116, 198-207.
34- Pellitteri, J. (2009). The relationship between emotional intelligence and ego defense mechanisms. Journa l of Psychology. 136, (2), 182-  194.
35- Puklek, M, (2004). Development of the two forms of social anxiety in adolescence, Horizons of Psychology, 13, 27-40.
36-  Puklek, M & Videc, M, (2008). Psychometric Properties of the social anxiety scale for adolescents (SASA) and its relation to positive imaginary audience and academic performance in Slovene adolescents, Studia Psychologica, 50 (1), 49-65.
37- Sher, K. J., & Grekin, E. R. (2007). Alcohol and affect regulation. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (pp. 560−580). New York: Guilford Press.
38- Shields M. (2004). Social anxiety disorder--beyond shyness. Health Rep; 15(Suppl): 45-61.
39- Smith, W. T. & Houstonkent, B. (1983). Irrational beliefs and arousal of emotional distress. Journal of Counseling Psychology, Vol. 3, No. 2.
40- Thompson, R. A. (1991). "Emotional regulation and emotional development". Educational Psychology Review, 3, 269-307.
41- Tice, D.M & Bratslavsky, E. (2000). Giving in to feel good: The place of emotion regulation in the context of general self-control. Psychological Inquiry;11:149–59.
42- Tillfors. M, El-Khouri.B, Stein .M.B, Trost .K.(2009).Relationships between social anxiety, depressive symptoms,and antisocial behaviors: Evidence from a prospective study of adolescent boys.J Anxiety,23:  718–24.
43- Teubert, D & Pinquart, M. (2011). A meta-analytic review on the prevention of symptoms of anxiety in children and adolescents. J Anxiety Disord; 25: 1046-59.
44- Trinidad, D. R., & Johnson, C. A. (2002). The association between emotional intelligence and early adolescent tobacco and alcohol use. Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 95-105.
45- Walen. DiGiuseppe & Dryden. (1992). A Practitioner's Guid to Rationalemotive Therapy (Edition). Oxford: University Press.
46- Watson, P. J. Sherbak, J. & Morris, J. (1998). Irrtional beliefs, individual ismcollectivism, and adjustment. Personality- and- individual differences, vol. 24 (2). PP. 173- 179.
47- Weich. S, Churchill. R, Lewis.G.(2003).Dysfunctional attitudes and the common mental disorders in primary care. J Affect Disord.75 (3): 269-78.
48- Wei, M., Vogel, D. L., Ku, T.-Y., & Zakalik, R. A. (2005). Adult attach-ment, affect regulation, negative mood, and interpersonal problems: The mediating roles of emotional reactivity and emotional cutoff. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52, 14–24.
49- Weissman, A. N. (1979). The dysfunctional attitudes scale: A validation study (Doctoral dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, 1978). Dissertation Abstracts International, 40, 1389B–1390B.
50- Weissman .A.N, Beck. A.T.(1978).Development and validation of the dysfunctional attitude scale Paper presented at the annual meeting of the association for the advancement of behavior therapy. Chicago: IL.
51- Werner, K., Goldin, P., Ball, T., Heimberg, R & Gross J.(2011). Assessing Emotion Regulation in Social Anxiety Disorder: The Emotion Regulation Interview. J Psychopathol Behav Assess; 33:346-58.
52- Wild, J., Clark, D.M., Ehlers, A., & Mcmanus, F. (2008). Perception of Arousal In Social Anxiety: Effects Of False Feedback During A Social Interaction. Journal of Behavior Therapy And Experimental Psychiatry, 39, 102-116.
53- Windle, R. C., & Windle, M. (1996). Coping strategies, drinking motives, and stressful life events among middle adolescents: Association with emotional and behavioral problems and with academic functioning. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105, 551-560.
54-  Zhou, X, Xu, Q, Ingles, C. J, Hidalgo, M. D & La Greca, A. M, (2006). Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the social anxiety scale for adolescents, Child psychiatry and Human Development, 39 (2), 185-200.
55-  Waller, G., Corstorphine, E &Mountford V. (2007). the role of emotional abuse in the eating disorders: implications for treatment. Eat Disord; 15(4):317-31.
Journal of Educational Psychology Studies
Volume 16, Issue 33
March 2019
Pages 1-28

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics